Separation of a Base Neutral Mixture Essay Sample free essay sample

An ordinarily utilized technique for partitioning a blend of natural mixes is known as fluid extraction. Most responses of natural mixes require extraction at some period of product sanitization. In this trial you will use extraction procedures to isolate a blend of a natural corrosive. a base. also, an indifferent compound. Natural acids and bases can be isolated from one another and from generic mixes by extraction using fluid arrangements of various pH esteems. Most natural carboxylic acids are constant or to some degree solvent in H2O. however, these mixes are incredibly solvent in weaken fluid Na hydrated oxide in light of the fact that the corrosive is deprotonated by the base bring forthing the Na carboxylate salt. RCO2H ( solv ) + OH†( aq ) > RCO2†( aq ) + H2O ( aq ) The carboxylic corrosive can be specifically disconnected by blur trip the blend in a natural dissolver that is non-miscible with H2O. thus pull trip the arrangement with Na hydrated oxide. We will compose a custom article test on Division of a Base Neutral Mixture Essay Sample or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The essential watery arrangement fusing the carboxylate salt is fermented. doing the Na carboxylate salt to change over back to the carboxylic corrosive. which is non H2O dissolvable. The corrosive will accelerate from the arrangement. as appeared here. RCO2†( aq ) + H+ ( aq ) > RCO2H ( s ) Organic bases ( e. g. . aminoalkanes ) that are constant in H2O can be isolated by extraction with hydrochloric corrosive. Expansion of HCl to the aminoalkane creates the comparing ammonium salt. which is solvent in H2O however non in natural dissolvers. The aminoalkane can be recuperated from the watery arrangement by mediation with a base. change overing the ammonium salt back to the aminoalkane. The aminoalkane is non water-dissolvable and will hasten. as appeared here. Utilizing your anxiety of these belongingss. division of a blend joining a carboxylic corrosive. an aminoalkane. also, an indifferent compound can be done by means of back to back corrosive and base extractions. The hast ens will be gathered and portrayed by runing temperature examination. In this trial. you will Separate a blend consolidating benzoic corrosive. 3-nitroaniline. what's more, naphthalene. Figure the per centum recuperation of every constituent in the blend. Measure the defrost temperature of each stray compound. 60 mL separatory channel four 50 milliliter Erlenmeyer carafes two 100 milliliter measuring glasses attraction filtration arrangement vacuity filtration arrangement bolster ringing spatula expendable Pasteur pipets and bulb 10 milliliter graduated chamber two ticker spectacless pH paper balance Part II Melting Temperature gauging paper test blend diethyl ether 6. 0 M hydrochloric corrosive arrangement 1. 0 M Na hydrated oxide arrangement 6. 0 M Na hydrated oxide arrangement Na sulfate. Na2SO4. anhydrous virus refined H2O in a wash bottle soaked sodium chloride arrangement ice packed air LabQuest or processing machine interface LabQuest App or Logger Pro Vernier Melt Station glass slim tubings. one terminal shut tissues ( sooner build up free ) disengaged tests from Part I mortar and pestle benzoic corrosive ( discretionary ) 3-nitroaniline ( discretionary ) naphthalene ( discretionary ) ProcedurePart I Extraction 1. Get and wear goggles. Secure your weaponries and authorities by have oning a long-sleeve sterile jacket and baseball gloves. Lead this response in a smoke goon. 2. Weigh out around 1. 0 g of the example blend. Record the mass to the closest 0. 001 g. Move the blend to a 100 milliliter measuring utencil and become dim it in 15 milliliter of diethyl pith. Alert: Diethyl ether is combustible. Be sure that there are no loosened flames in the room during the examination. 3. Clip the help chiming onto a ring base and topographic point the separatory pipe into the ring. Empty the arrangement into the separatory channel and include 5 milliliter of 6. 0 M hydrochloric corrosive. Alert: Manage the hydrochloric corrosive with consideration. Can do difficult Burnss in the event that it interacts with the covering. 4. Top the channel and tenderly unsettle a few times. venting frequently to evade power per unit region development. When venting the pipe. show the tip off from your face and open the turncock to relinquish the power per unit zone. Put the pipe on a help chiming with a secure and let the dissolver and watery bed to partition. Leave the pipe uncapped. 5. Channel the lower watery bed into a 50 milliliter Erlenmeyer carafe. Rehash the extraction with another 5 milliliter of 6. 0 M hydrochloric corrosive. run trip the second fluid bed into a similar Erlenmeyer flagon. Rescue the dissolver bed in the separatory channel for later use. 6. Cool the jar consolidating the acidic watery imbuements into an ice H2O shower. Gradually include 6. 0 M Na hydrated oxide with a pipet until the watery bed is fundamental. Use pH paper to demonstrate. Alert: Sodium hydrated oxide arrangement is acerb. Abstain from inclining it on your covering or vesture. Natural Chemistry with Vernier Partition of Organic Compounds by Acid-Base Extraction Techniques 7. Move up the strong using vacuum filtration and rescue the strong for runing temperature investigation in Part II. Note: Be sure to enter the mass of the channel paper before puting it in the vacuity pipe. 8. Concentrate the spared pith bed in the separatory pipe with three 5 mL parts of 1. 0 M Na hydrated oxide. Channel the watery bed into a 50 milliliter Erlenmeyer carafe. Rescue the core bed in the separatory pipe. 9. Cool the jar consolidating the essential watery imbuement in an ice H2O shower. Utilizing a pipet. simple include 6. 0 M hydrochloric corrosive until the fluid bed is acidic. Use pH paper to demonstrate. Alert: Manage the hydrochloric corrosive with consideration. Can do excruciating Burnss in the event that it interacts with the covering. 10. Move up the strong using vacuum filtration and rescue the strong for runing temperature examination in Part II. Note: Be sure to enter the mass of the channel paper before puting it in the vacuity pipe. 11. Include 10 milliliter of soaked fluid Na chloride answer for the ether arrangement remaining in the separatory pipe and unsettle delicately. Be sure to vent regularly. 12. Let the beds to gap and excursion the lower fluid Na chloride bed. Empty the dissolvable bed into an Erlenmeyer carafe joining around 1 g of anhydrous Na sulfate and let it to represent roughly 10 proceedingss. spinning now and again. 13. Gravity channel the substance in the carafe. counting the Na sulfate. into a perfect 100 milliliter measuring utencil. Vanish the pith in the smoke goon. Alert: Diethyl ether is combustible. Be sure that there are no loosened flames in the room during the analysis. Do non go forward unattended 14. Gauge the relieved strong and record the mass to the closest 0. 010 g. Spare the strong for the defrost temperature examination in Part II. Part II Melting Temperature 15. Get a little whole of the wanderer strong from the acerb extraction. The strong ought to be in a fine signifier. In the event that it is non. use a howitzer and stamp to painstakingly crunch the strong to a pounding. Pack a fine tubing 3?4 millimeter ( ~1/8 inch ) profound with your example. 16. Check the control dial on the Melt Station to verify that it is in the Off spot. Interface the Melt Station power flexibly to a fueled electrical trade foundation. 17. Associate the Melt Station to a LabQuest or to a processing machine interface. Pick New from the File bill of admission of the informations total arrangement. 18. Cautiously embed the slender tubing of strong into one of the example holders of the Melt Station. 19. Get down roll uping runing temperature informations using the Melt Station. 20. Modify the control dial so as to locate the approximative defrost temperature scope for the example. 21. At the point when wrapped up. end informations accumulation and turn the dial to the Fan/Cooling scene. Record the defrost temperature scope in your informations even cluster. Natural Chemistry with Vernier Trial 5 22. Store the count and move up a second count. whenever wanted. 23. Rehash the important stairss to move up runing temperature informations for the wanderer solids from the base and unoriginal extractions. 24. At the terminal of the trial turn the control dial on the Melt Station to Off. Discard the hairlike tubings as coordinated by your instructor. Information TablePart I Extraction Mass of blend ( g ) Mass of channel paper ( g ) Mass of channel paper and benzoic corrosive ( g ) Mass of benzoic corrosive ( g ) Mass of channel paper ( g ) Mass of channel paper and 3-nitroaniline ( g ) Mass of 3-nitroaniline ( g ) Mass of naphthalene ( g ) Part II Melting Temperature Measured runing temperature scope ( ?C ) Benzoic corrosive 3-nitroaniline Naphthalene Information ANALYSIS1. Pull the development of every one of the mixes. 2. Sketch a stream outline delineating the partition of the blend and the separation of each compound. 3. What was your percent recuperation for every one of the three mixes? Accept equivalent wholes of the carboxylic corrosive. aminoalkane. what's more, indifferent compound were available in the obscure blend. Wellbeing data Essential educator foundation data Directions for fixing arrangements Important hints for effectively making these labs The total Organic Chemistry with Vernier lab manual incorporates 26 labs and imperative teacher data. The full lab book is accessible for buy at: hypertext move convention:/www. Vernier. com/items/books/chem-o/ Vernier Software A ; Technology 13979 S. W. Millikan Way †¢ Beaverton. Or then again 97005-2886 Toll Free ( 888 ) 837-6437 †¢ ( 503 ) 277-2299 †¢ FAX ( 503 ) 277-2440 [ electronic mail ensured ]/*†¢ World Wide Web. Vernier. com

Appraising the Research Evidence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Assessing the Research Evidence - Essay Example Quick Risk Assessment in Acute Hospital for Patients with Intellectual Disabilities Background to the Study Nurses that work with patients with scholarly incapacities are confronted with different difficulties. For example, they are required to utilize proof based practice while treating their patients. Nonetheless, there isn't sufficient and clear research with respect to prove based practices for wellbeing accessible to medical caretakers. This raises discusses in regards to rehearses that will guarantee security and quality consideration for individuals with scholarly handicaps. Medical caretakers are required to look at current proof based intercessions that are appropriate for treating these patients. Calls have additionally been made against utilizing unwarranted and pseudoscientific mediations to treat these patients. There is expanded weight on medical caretakers to guarantee their practices depend on sound proof. Proof based practice has picked up impact as a way to deal wit h clinical dynamic. As medicinal services turns out to be increasingly more proof based, attendants are required to know about the abilities, assets and standards required for proof based practices (Kline et al., 2011). There are questions with respect to exactly how successful and pertinent the aftereffects of proof based medicines are to the general clinical application. Medical caretakers keep on dealing with patients with complex beneficial encounters and furthermore those that have exceptionally extreme scholarly incapacities. These upsetting conditions will sabotage cooperation of treatment and can at last add to non-adherence to accessible treatment choices (Read and Johnson, 2012). Advances in clinical consideration guarantee that future of people with scholarly incapacities moves toward that of very typical and solid individuals. Extreme scholarly inabilities are generally joined by other ailments and physical handicaps. Social insurance needs of individuals with scholarly inabilities should, in this manner, be met by standard wellbeing administrations. Profoundly gifted medical attendants are additionally required to work with these patients as they have a high power of human services bolster needs. Research led into this gathering of patients uncovered a few regions of concern. These territories incorporate lacking patient appraisal just as insufficient correspondence among medical caretaker and patient. It is basic for medical attendants and patients to impart successfully as this will assist them with understanding their wellbeing needs and they will have the option to forestall visit admissions to emergency clinic. Conveyance of value human services depends upon a progression of communication between a patient and clinician (Hart, 2010). Connection will help the clinician to make an exact finding and give reasonable treatment alternative. Every intense social insurance office is required to direct a proactive hazard appraisal utilizing hazard eva luation devices. This gives roads to recognizing, decreasing and organizing dangers related with tolerant security. This empowers clinicians to pick suitable treatment alternatives, consequently, lessening the odds of creating unwanted results in patients. Human services is a high hazard industry that is inclined to genuine blunders. Be that as it may, clinicians, through proof based research, can lessen the odds of making clinical blunders. Regularly refered to hindrances to utilization of proof based practices by clinicians incorporate data over-burden, constrained time, absence of research proof just as absence of abilities

5 Sureshot Tips To Establish Your Existence On Twitter

5 Sureshot Tips To Establish Your Existence On Twitter Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!5 Sureshot Tips To Establish Your Existence On TwitterUpdated On 23/04/2017Author : Karan LabraTopic : TwitterShort URL : http://bit.ly/2ozeko3 CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogTwitter can prove to be a great source of traffic that is ready to become your potential loyal readers and add to your income (most probably via affiliate revenue).Credit : FlickrSo here are 5 effective ways to establish your existence on twitter and get the exposure you ever needed.1. Get The Tweet SenseTweet stuff that you think really adds value to your profile and give some room for reactions. Just dont start tweeting every link that you find over the net, start discussions that show your importance.2. Beautify Your Profile PageIt is well known that first impression is the last impressions. Presenting a cool profile page can attract many new followers. Moreover, your tweets are your reflecti on, after design the first thing that your visitors see is the tweets that you make, so referring to my last point keep this in mind.3. Follow Influential PersonalitiesFollow people that have an authority in your niche and you can get some real time tips from them. Unfollow people who arent providing the information that you expected out of them and follow people who you think are worth it. Avoid mass following Twitter users.4. Participate In DiscussionsParticipating in discussions show that you are an active user and not just another link tweeting machine. Solving others problem via tweets can get you the more followers.READ5 Real Reasons Why You Should Blog5. Start ContestsStart contests giving out small prizes to people for just following you on twitter and help you get your name out. Moreover, participate in contests on other blogs and help others out promoting their contests.Getting more followers on twitter can get you a nice amount of traffic if you are able to create an aut horitative profile of your own. Try these out and share your experience with us.Recommended Twitter Related PostsUtilize Twitter In Real Life â€" Save Money On GroceriesWhy You Should Never Mass Follow Twitter Users#5 Tips To Increase The Number Of Your Twitter FollowersTop 15 Twitter Tools for Twitter Freaks

Racial Discrimination - 1867 Words

Seminar on Peace Education A Research Paper on Racial Discrimination Racism takes many forms. In general, it is a belief that a particular race or ethnicity is inferior or superior to others. Racial discrimination involves any act where a person is treated unfairly or vilified because of their race, color, descent, national or ethnic origin. Racism may take the form of stereotyping, name calling or insults, commentary in the media, speeches at public assemblies and abuse on the internet. It can include directly or indirectly excluding people from accessing services, employment, education or sporting activities. Racism can occur systemically, as the result of policies, conditions and practices that affect a broad group of people.†¦show more content†¦So meaning having dark skin is not good to look at. Though it is just an advertisement but still it could be another form of racial discrimination among dark people. But not only those advertisements in television, but even also some of our local â€Å"teleserye† or â€Å"telenobela†. In that, I can say that racism is prevalent in the Philippines. Racial discrimination of Filipinos doesn’t exist only within the country but also to other countries. Why do most people from Western and other rich countries discriminate Filipinos? And why do they usually think of us as Gold diggers and stuff? How inferior it is to hear that thing if you were in our part either it is not easy to take that in your part knowing that people around the world describes Filipino as a Domestic Helpers. In the Philippine history, Spanish colony has made a big change in the country and has made contributed positive things and negative things. The friars (Spanish friars of the past settling in the Philippines) is putting into the minds of the students and of the people that they are the Superiors since they are white and the Indios (Filipino’s of before) are brown. In that thing you can already see that there is racial discrimination. One positive thing I can give upon their (the Spanish) contribution to the Philippines is Christianity in the land. This has been the greatest thing Filipino’s at this present is proud of and has made most us religious,Show MoreRelatedOvert Racial Discrimination and Institutional Racial Discrimination635 Words   |  3 PagesPrior to the 1960s, discrimination was viewed as a creature of prejudice (Feagin Feagin, 1988). What this means is that the problem of discrimination was viewed as one motivated primarily by individuals (or groups of individuals) on the basis of prejudice or hatred. Implicit in this prejudice-causes-discrimination-model (Feagin Feagin, p. XX) was the assumption that the solution to discrimination was one of simply eliminating prejudice. 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Biological Factors Affecting Decision Making Essay

Biological Factors affecting decision we made. There are many of factors influencing your decision making process either in a positive or a negative way. In addition to what is already determined by your genes, according to various sources the following biological and psychological factors play an important role. Biological factors ï‚ § Nutrition is essential for organs to develop (building material), but also to let it operate (fuel). On average, as much as 25% of all energy a human daily takes in with one’s food goes directly to the brains. At those moments when the brain goes through major developments such as during childhood and adolescence this percentage may increase to 65%. ï‚ § Caffeine is one of the most consumed psychoactive substances around the world. Caffeine is not bad for health, some researchers even show positive effects. Caffeine appears to reduce fatigue. And in this way also has an indirect effect on decision. Regarding cognitive function, caffeine has an effect on reaction time. Some studies also show a positive effect on long-term memory. ï‚ § Sport is healthy, as more and more research shows. For example, sport ensures that certain substances in the body are released, which have a significant effect on the brains. These compounds support brain functions and increase the ability to decision making process. Research has shown that elderly people who on a daily basis have a medium to heavy physical effort of at least 30 minutes have a better cognitive performanceShow MoreRelatedEthel’s Chocolate Lounges: Back to the Future? Chocolate Lounges Taste Sweet Success1026 Words   |  5 PagesEthel’s Chocolate Lounges: Back to the Future? Chocolate Lounges Taste Sweet Success 10/25/2011 1. Describe the type of consumer buying decision that best describes the choice to indulge at Ethel’s. Ethel’s Chocolate lounges are chocolate or candy based restaurants that where created by the Mars corporation. 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Essay On The Black Death - 924 Words

Because of the fact that many people in England did not know precisely what was causing the Black Death to transpire, they also did not know how to cure it. In â€Å"The Black Death†, many thought that they needed to be sin free or that God needed to forgive them for their sins. This was true for people who resided in England during the time of the Black Death as well. Because they believed that the Black Death was God’s punishment, the only way to cure them of the plague was through God’s forgiveness. The article â€Å"Black Death† states, â€Å"By this logic, the only way to overcome the plague was to win God’s forgiveness.† Nevertheless, doctors in England would try different procedures to cure victims of the plague as well. The doctors would use†¦show more content†¦Some victims would form rashes as well (Bubonic Plague). â€Å"The Black Death† does an amazing job of giving the viewer an accurate demonstration of what some one suffering from the Black Death would have looked like. This visualization helps someone wanting to learn more about the Black Death to understand it better. It also gives them a better picture of just how serious the Black Death was. Many of the people in the movie believed that the Black Death originated in France. Nevertheless, this was incorrect. Many of the people in Europe had heard of the â€Å"Great Pestilence† that was sweeping through the continent, even before it arrived in Europe (Black Death). The Black Death actually originated in China.† The plague first arrived in Europe in 1347 and came from the steppes area of Central Asia† (Bubonic Plague). The plague had been in Central China for a while before it began to spread elsewhere, but since Mongolians tend to live so close to their horses, the infected fleas did not even bother them (Bubonic Plague). However, eventually trading posts became spaces that had a ton of rats, and these rats brought the fleas that carried the disease with them, which is what caused the plague to spread all throughout Europe (Black Death). The movie did not necessarily get the origin of the Black Death wrong as people in England had only heard that there w as a great pestilence sweeping the continent until it arrived in England. The people in England did not know where theShow MoreRelatedThe Black Death Essay1196 Words   |  5 Pagessong little children sing while holding hands, walking around in a circle and then falling down. The nursery rhyme refers to the Black Death, one of the worst plagues of all time (Schladweller). Known as infectious diseases that spread quickly and kill countless people, plagues have had a tremendous affect on people around the world since the beginning of time. 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They may have grown to the size of an orange. These are the symptoms of the Black Death, one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, peaking in Europe between 1348 and 1350. It is widely thought to have been an outbreak of bubonic plague, and during thoseRead More Black Death Essays1319 Words   |  6 Pages The Black Death, also known as the Black Plague, or the Bubonic Plague killed one third of the population of Europe during its reign in the 13th and 14th centuries. The arrival of this plague set the scene for years of strife and heroism. Leaving the social and Economic aspect in a standstill. The phantom of death became a subject of art, music and folklore and it influenced the consciousness of the people. The impact of this mass killer caused enormous chaos and havoc to the medieval society becauseRead MoreThe Black Death Essay1018 Words   |  5 PagesThe Black Death took place in Europe during the fourteenth century. To the people of the time, facts about the disease were unknown until people started to notice problems that other people were having. The Black Death or â€Å"plague† that killed thousands in the fourteenth century may have evolved into a more modern version of itself. The â€Å"plague† is known as the â€Å"Yersinia pestis† bacteria, which is a rare zoonotic disease. These diseases are spread from animal to human (Newquist 239, Adamloakun MRead MoreEssay On The Black Death901 Words   |  4 PagesIn the middle of the fourteenth century, European experienced a disease called Black Death, which killed millions of people in six years. By spreading quickly, this disease affected not only on people’s lives but also on economic of many countries, especially those countries in Europe. Therefore, people found out some cures to end this nightmare disease. Ole J. Benedictow. â€Å"The Black Death: The Greatest Catastrophe Ever†. Published in History Today Volume 55 Issue 3 March 2005 Read MoreBlack Death Essay779 Words   |  4 PagesThe Black Death of 1347-1350 had one of the most dominate impacts on Latin Christendom and Islamic Worlds. The pandemic would have an economic, political and demographic change of these worlds for the next three centuries. These area’s impacted were already deeming an economic downfall. With the abrupt change of climate, the agricultural revenues were already suffering. The climate change had impacted mostly the poor people of these countries. The Black Death wasn’t having mercy on anyone that wasRead More Black Death Essay1184 Words   |  5 Pages Black Death, outbreak of bubonic plague that struck Europe and the Mediterranean area from 1347 through 1351. It was the first of a cycle of European plague epidemics that continued until the early 18th century. A cycle of ancient plagues had preceded these plagues between the 6th and 8th centuries AD; another cycle of modern followed them, but less deadly, plagues that began in the late 19th century and continue in the 20th century. The term quot;Black Deathquot; was not used to refer to theRead MoreEssay on The Black Death1474 Words   |  6 PagesThe Black Death was an extensive epidemic that spread across Europe from 1346 to 1353, killing over an estimated one-third of Europe’s entire population (Medieval World 56). Although historians are not entirely sure of its origin, the Black Death spread quickly across both Europe and Asia with a death toll that augmented rapidly. The plague also had unusual and deadly symptoms, causing â€Å"panic everywhere, with men and women knowing no way to stop death except to flee from it† (Kohn 28). The chaosRead More the black death Essay752 Words   |  4 Pages In â€Å"The Black Death† the author Phillip Ziegler attempts to fully describe the Plague that struck Europe in 1338 and remained until 1665. The year of the great Plague of London Ziegler tries to give an unbiased account of the Plague by compiling information from contradictory sources. Ziegler begins the book with the Tartans catapulting diseased corpses into Genoese as the Genoese escape back to Europe. Following this, the author provides some insight into the Plague in Italy, Germany, and France

Cuban Missle Crisis Essay Research Paper Cuban free essay sample

Cuban Missle Crisis Essay, Research Paper Cuban Missile Crisis When given the chance to compose a research paper on any struggle or conflict during recent American History, one has a figure of options: World War Two, the War in Vietnam, and the Korean struggle to call but a few. However, I have chosen a brief period of two hebdomads during which the really being of the United States was earnestly threatened. To most of my coevals the Cuban missile crisis is nonexistent. No 1 tends to look at non-physical actions as 1s of any importance. However, if the successes and failures of past coevalss are non decently looked at we will be blind as to what should be done in the hereafter. The anxiousness and emotions felt by 200 million Americans as the U.S. was on the threshold of atomic war has since been forgotten. The Cuban missile crisis is an of import aspect of American history for many grounds. We will write a custom essay sample on Cuban Missle Crisis Essay Research Paper Cuban or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When Eisenhower yielded the presidential term to Kennedy the gross output of all U.S. arms likely equaled about one million times that of the bomb that had obliterated Hiroshima. We must pay close attending to these figures because, in October 1962 the United States was on the threshold of a atomic war with the Soviet Union ; we must recognize merely how close we came to decease if it was non for the speedy actions of many brave work forces and adult females in charge of intelligence. The blast of an atomic bomb is measured in 1000s of dozenss of TNT, in contrast the blast of a H bomb, which is measured in 1000000s of dozenss of TNT. The Hiroshima bomb was 10 pess long, weighed about 5 dozenss, and required a crew of experts yearss to lade. In contrast, by the clip of the missile crisis, bombs 20 times more powerful were three pess long and could be strapped to an ordinary bomber. The populace learned how toxic atomic arms were when Strontium-90 generated by trials in Nevada showed up in milk in New Jersey. The Cuban missile crisis began on October 14, 1962 when CIA U2 undercover agent planes took aerial exposure of Cuba and revealed the worst frights of some members of Congress: that the Soviet Union had been carrying arms in Cuba. On October 16, it was revealed that non merely had the Soviets been carrying arms, but they were hive awaying 40 medium-range-ballistic-missiles ( MRBM ) in Cuba that, with the aid of decommissioned Soviet aircraft could be launched up to 1,100 stat mis and were hence within easy range of the United States. The menace of a atomic war with the Soviet Union had placed fright in both Americans and Russians for both sides knew that neither could win a atomic war. Although the United States might militarily win such a war, losingss would be in the 10s of 1000000s and it is dubious that we could last the atomic winter that would follow. Between October 16th and 22nd Kennedy spoke with his National Security Advisors so that he might come to the best determination as to what to make in such a atomic confrontation. One suggestion was that the U.S. should occupy Cuba but this was overturned due to the losingss and media frenzy that The Bay of Pigs invasion had caused. Another suggestion was that the U.S. should bomb the sites where it was determined that atomic payloads were located. This determination, excessively, was overturned as Kennedy felt that if the Soviets were willing to set payloads in Cuba they might revenge if the United States bombed these payloads and the 1000s of technicians in Cuba needed to guarantee their smooth operation. In 1962 although both the Soviet Union and the U.S. had MRBM s neither had the capableness to stop the oppositions # 8217 ; , go forthing it so that if the U.S.S.R launched a payload on the U.S. within seconds the U.S. would establish one at the U.S.S.R and within proceedingss both of our states would be destroyed. The Navy was ordered to quarantine ( a euphemism to avoid the diplomatic term encirclement ) Cuba, turning back all ships transporting violative arms at that place. The President made it clear that any atomic arm launched from Cuba would ensue in a full revenge by the United States on the Soviet Union. One can theorize that the Soviet Union placed arms in Cuba non to assail the U.S. but to give the feeling that they could if they wanted to. In making this, the Soviet s purpose was most likely to transfuse fear into the American thickly settled and authorities. Expecting the U.S. to take the affair to the U.N. , the Kremlin may hold placed violative arms in Cuba entirely to be used as a bargaining bit within the U.N. so that the U.S. would hold to a Berlin and German colony on Soviet footings. The Kremlin has been historically bad at judging other states responses to its actions and did non recognize that the American authorities would non see this a mere menace, but a menace to the American manner of life. The Kremlin erroneously believed that the United States would digest its ain methods of foreign policy being used upon it. President Kennedy took the menace imposed by the Kremlin as a echt menace mentioning that when Soviet purposes are non known it is better to take any menaces at face value. Taking the Soviet menace as echt, Kennedy himself threatened world-devastation by informing Premier Khrushchev that the United States had every purpose of making whatever is necessary to guarantee the American manner of life. In one missive on October 28th, 1962 Khrushchev agreed to retreat the missiles if the United Sates pledged neer to occupy Cuba. The containment policy that the U.S. had implemented against the Soviet Union had worked once more. The bear was back in its den. There are those who believe that the United States should hold bombed out the missile sites and the Castro authorities. The simpleness of such a class is attractive, but the consequences would hold been questionable. The missiles would hold been removed but 1000s of Soviet technicians might hold been killed. Because it sometimes reacts instinctively, the Kremlin might hold responded with a direct military counterblow. Khrushchev failed in his mission to negociate a Russian colony of the Berlin and German state of affairss. His error was in non recognizing that the U.S. excessively could play tough and that Americans would non let their manner of life to be threatened under any fortunes. On Monday, October 29, 1962 the Soviet missiles were being withdrawn and the Cuban crisis was over. President Kennedy had non flinched under the two greatest force per unit areas of a presidential term the menace to national security and the danger of a atomic war. His commixture of limited, but definite, military action-the quarantine-with the strongest possible diplomatic language-the menace to eliminate the Soviet Union was -masterful. President Kennedy non merely prevented a atomic war but besides resolved the state of affairs without a individual hurt or decease. Bibliography Bohlen, Charles E. , Witness to History, 1929-1969. New York: Norton, 1973. Collier, Peter and Horowitz, David The Kennedys: An American Dream. New York: Acme Books ( Simon A ; Schuster ) , 1984. Detzer, David The Brink: Narrative of the Cuban Missile Crisis. New York: Crowell, 1979 LaFeber, Walter The American Century. Boston: McGraw-Hill, 1988. May, Ernest R. and Zelikow, Philip D. explosive detection systems. The Kennedy Tapes. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press, 1997.

David Poursalimi Essays - Charles Lindbergh, Aviation,

David Poursalimi 10-30-98 Per: 4 Charles A. Lindbergh Charles A. Lindbergh was born on February 4, 1902, in Detroit, and past away in 1974. Lindbergh was an aviator who made the first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean on May 20-21, 1927. Other pilots had crossed the Atlantic before him. But Lindbergh was the first person to do it alone nonstop. Lindbergh?s flight suddenly brought him international fame. The press named him ?Lucky Lindy? and the ?Lone Eagle?. Americans and Europeans idolized the young man and honored him. The way this all started was that in 1919, a New York City hotel owner named Raymond Orteig offered $25,000 to the first aviator to fly nonstop from New York to Paris. A great deal of other men tried this challenge but many pilots were killed or injured while competing for the prize. By 1927, the challenge had not been done. Lindbergh believed he could win if he had the right airplane. He persuaded nine St. Louis Businessmen to help him pay for the cost of the plane. Lindbergh choose Ryan Aeronautical Company of San Diego to build his special plane, which he helped design. He named the plane Spirit of St. Louis. On May 10-11, 1927, Lindbergh tested the plane from San Diego to New York City. The flight took 20 hours 20 minutes. On May 20, 1927 Lindbergh, the twenty five year old, took off with his specially built plane from Roosevelt Field, near New York City. He landed the next day on may 21, 1927. Thousands of people came to meet Lindbergh and cheer him on. He had flown 33.5 hours and more than 3,600 miles across the Atlantic ocean from New York to Paris. Lindbergh?s courageous flight thrilled thousands of people across the world. He was honored with awards, celebrations and parades. President Calvin Coolidge gave Lindbergh the Congressional Medal of Honor and the first Distinguished Flying Cross in American history. In 1927, Lindbergh published a book about his transatlantic flight. And he also worked for several airlines as a technical adviser. Back in those days people admired Charles Lindbergh the way that we admire our athletes today. To them Lindbergh was a role model, a hero. Bibliography: ?Lindbergh, Charles A.? The 1996 Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. C-D Rom. Danbury, Ct.: Grolier Electronic publishing, 1996 ?Lindbergh, Charles A.? The World Book Encyclopedia. Chicago: World Book Inc., 1992. Vol.12, pp.290-291 Gary B. Nash. American Odyssey. Illinois: McGraw-Hill Publishing, 1992,1991

Management

Management Executive Summary Almost every year, it seems, some major corporation is enveloped in an ethics scandal that generates a new tremor of public distrust. As a consequence of these endless scandals, the ethics phenomenon has become a buzz word in boardrooms and so is global outsourcing and corporate social responsibility (CSR). Global outsourcing has seen companies lowering the production costs, as well as offer employment for many languishing in unemployment, particularly in the developing countries.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Management-Case Study specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This report finds that CSR is even more relevant in companies engaged in global outsourcing than those having in-house operations. As such, it makes a number of recommendations to contemporary companies who wish to engage in global outsourcing activities. To begin with, the fact that a company is operating away from ‘home’ does not imply that it should engage in unethical behaviors. It should indulge in those activities that bring good to itself, and the community in which is operating. By so doing, companies will be able to maintain brand value and reputation. It will also win the confidence of the community; which may come at their rescue in times of a crisis. Introduction On December 3, 1084, the Union Carbide plant in Bhopal, India, experienced a major crisis resulting in the leak of 45 tons of methylisocyanate, a toxic chemical used in the production of insecticides. Thousands of people died from the disaster with many others suffering long-term physical damage, including blindness, respiratory problems, birth defects, and neurological problems (Vilcox Mohan, 2007). Union Carbide’s response was to deny social responsibility for the accident. The company did make emergency relief payments, and later settled all civil liability for the accident amounting to hundreds of millions of US dollar s. Claiming it had met its legal obligations, Union Carbide began to extricate itself from India. Responsibility for the plant site and victims was eventually turned over to the Indian government. The company funded a relief trust and built a clinic to help treat victims, but the legacy of long-term disability, contaminated water, and lingering effects has remained unresolved (Sims, 2003). The Union Carbide Bhopal accident, as well as a number of other dramatic and mundane examples, illustrates the debate over corporate ethics and corporate social responsibility (CSR). Companies such as Wal-Mart, Exxon Mobil, Microsoft, and many others have been accused of hiding behind legal requirements and avoiding larger social responsibilities. Corporate ethics and corporate social responsibility have emerged as salient topics for debate in the contemporary business milieu (May, Cheney, Roper, 2007).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Ge t your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Corporate ethics Almost every year, it seems, some major corporation is enveloped in an ethics scandal that generates a new tremor of public distrust. As a consequence of these endless scandals, the ethics phenomenon is often a major part of the news. Ethics is a philosophical term that comes from the Greek word, ‘ethos’, meaning personality or norm (Griseri Seppala, 2010). This definition is relevant to efficient leadership in business organizations in that, it refers to an organization code of exhibiting moral uprightness and unswerving values in service to the public (Trevino Nelson, 2010). Sims (2003) posits that in order to understand corporate ethics, it is useful to comment on the relationship between ethics and morality. Ideally, ethics can be perceived as a combination of moral doctrines or standards. On the other hand, morality is a system or doctrine of moral conduct. Corporate ethics, therefore, is concerned with right and wrong behavior and practices within a business context. There are two types of corporate of business ethics: normative business ethics and descriptive business ethics (Griseri Seppala, 2010). Swartz (2011) states that normative business ethics seek to propose some principle or principles for distinguishing ethical and unethical in the business context. This type of ethics lays emphasis on developing norms or principles by which business might be controlled or evaluated. On the other hand, descriptive business ethics focuses on grasping what is taking place; the realm of behavior, actions, decisions and polices. This type of ethics deals with what is the prevailing set of standards in the business community (Keinert, 2008). Benefits of corporate ethics The benefits of corporate ethics cannot be overlooked in the contemporary business environment. For today’s business leaders and mangers, leading and administrating ethically also entails managing with honesty. Keinert (2008) holds that honesty runs throughout an organization. It models, influences and maintains the values, tone, climate, or culture of the organization; communication among all its members; and commitment, imagination, and realism of everyone in the organization (Trevino Nelson, 2010). Ethics initiatives hold up employee growth and significance (Swartz, 2011). Focus on ethics in the business aids employees face reality in the organization. They help them feel confidence in dealing with whatever comes their way. Ethical climates and organizational ethics help ensure that policies are legal (May, Cheney, Roper, 2007). Emphasis on ethics ensures exceedingly ethical policies and measures in the workplace.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Management-Case Study specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition, corporate ethics emphases facilitate avoidance of criminal indulgences; hence, lowering fines. E thics programs recognize ideal standards and make certain that organizational behaviors are aligned with those standards (Griseri Seppala, 2010) Corporate social responsibility (CSR) The previous segment of this report laid emphasis on the organization need to be ethical. As discussed in the segment, organizations should strive to create strong ethical cultures that support employee ethics. Keinert (2008) argues that managers should lead their employees in an ethical direction. Individual and organizational ethical decision-making and behavior requires taking into consideration harms and benefits to those outside the organization. The organization’s relationship with its external stakeholders, usually referred to as corporate social responsibility (CSR) is very important (Swartz, 2011). Reasons for engaging in CSR Vilcox Mohan (2007) state that in today’s highly interconnected, global, and transparent world, corporations are finding that social responsibility is esse ntial to fundamental business strategy. Corporations are also finding that it is difficult to separate internal organizational ethics (discussed in the previous segment), from external social responsibility. There are three major reasons as to why companies care about social responsibility. These are pragmatic, ethical, and strategic reasons (Keinert, 2008). Under the pragmatic approach to corporate social responsibility, a firm’s management scans the environment and is on alert to act in ways that avoid economic harm, maintain legitimacy, and ensure a good corporate reputation (Griseri Seppala, 2010). This approach is mainly reactive and acts on stakeholder’s concerns only after they are voiced. A more proactive, ethical reason for corporate social responsibility argues that businesses, as part of society, have a responsibility to behave ethically. Social responsibility is as integral to the business as is economic performance (Urip, 2010). A third reason to be socia lly responsible is a strategic one. This approach is grounded on the basis that business needs a healthy society because only a health society can produce a productive workforce, and the rules of the road that make business transactions possible (May, Cheney, Roper, 2007).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A healthy society also needs business to innovate, crate jobs, goods, and series, and pay the taxes that support societal activities. Therefore, the best CSR initiatives will be simultaneously good for business and for the society (Swartz, 2011). The strategic approach to corporate social responsibility offers mangers a stronger basis for making decisions about which stakeholders and social responsibility issues should garner their attention and resources given the multitude of options available (Keinert, 2008). Benefits of CSR Just like corporate ethics, corporate social responsibility has various benefits to the stakeholders. Although it may prove costly issue in the short run, the long term benefits of CSR can be overlooked (Urip, 2010). To the government, CSR has the following benefits. To begin with, it leads to development and acceleration of microeconomic sustainable growth through the use of good governance and best practices. To the local community and society, CSR changes the habits of society and improves quality of life (Swartz, 2011). Through capacity building, CSR creates employment and wealth. On the side of the corporations, CSR provides growth, profit, image, and competitive edge. It leads to community acceptance and goodwill (Keinert, 2008). In addition, CSR is a source of pride and inspiration to employees, and their families, alongside providing genuine dialogue with stakeholders. To the world and the environment, CSR results to waste management because of concern to the environment, which leads to balanced ecosystems, and green and clean environment (Sims, 2003). Global outsourcing With the advent of globalization and improved levels of competition, many firms have started to have considerable difficulties in developing and maintaining the variety of know-how and skill needed to compete effectively (Contractor, Kumar, Kundu, 2010). The mergence of American, European, Japanese, and Third World multi-nations has created a new competitive en vironment, requiring the globalization, or at least semi-globalization of corporate strategy. This need has led many companies to engage with various kinds of sourcing strategies such as outsourcing, offshore outsourcing, near shoring, and on shoring (Barrar Gervais, 2006). Oshri, Kotlarsky, Willocks (2009) posit that sourcing is the process in which work is delegated or contracted to another party which may not be necessarily located near the organization. Outsourcing is defined as contracting with a third service provider for the management and completion of work in a given period, cost, and level of service (Vahistha Vashistha, 2006). Offshoring refers to the relocation of organizational activities such as finance and accounting, back office and human resources, to a wholly owned subsidiary or an independent service provider in another country (Burkholder, 2009). The growth of global outsourcing has been attributed to many factors. To begin with, technological advances in the telecommunications industry and the Internet have shrunk space and time and have enabled the coordination of organizational activities at the global level (Oshri, Kotlarsky, Willocks, 2009). Other reasons include the supply of skilled, yet low-cost, labor in countries such as India; the investments in infrastructure; the improved business, economic, and political climate in a number of developing countries. Other reasons why companies engage in global outsourcing include the standardization of Information Technology processes and communication protocols that contribute to the efficiency of inter-organizational activities (Oshri, Kotlarsky, Willocks, 2009). The nature of outsourcing is diverse. Some firms now outsource core activities so extensively that they no longer engage in production, as traditionally understood. Inbound and outbound logistics are being extremely outsourced also. Other firms are extensively outsourcing secondary value-chain activities such as information tech nology, accounting systems, distribution, aspects of human resources management and research and design (Burkholder, 2009). Despite its increasing importance, many firms do not understand the payback and costs of outsourcing. At the same time, the outsourcing firm is unavoidably bestowing at least part of its fortune to firms that are seeking to maximize their profits (Contractor, Kumar, Kundu, 2010). Oshri, Kotlarsky, Willocks (2009) argue that while outsourcing is often referred to as an alliance, the contracting parties inevitably have conflicted interests. The strategic objective of outsourcing decision-makers should seek to maximize the net benefits of outsourcing relative to the in-house provision of value-chain activities. In practice, this can often be simplified to minimizing the total costs of outsourced good or activity. However, costs must be viewed comprehensively (Contractor, Kumar, Kundu, 2010). Costs consist of expenditures for the good itself and the costs associ ated with governing the outsourcing transaction. This raises a number of fundamental questions relating to governance costs such as how the firm can assess the possible governance expenses that crop up form outsourcing, and under what circumstances can these governance costs be reduced (Vahistha Vashistha, 2006). Burkholder (2009), states that investors expect outsourcing to create value for shareholders. The purpose of outsourcing is to lower the purchase price of some input by taking advantage of external supplier’s lower costs, or improve the quality of some input by purchasing some superior capability from an external supplier. In either case, the supplier’s advantage will be one that is not easily imitable. If the firm could easily imitate the cost or capability advantage outside suppliers, it could produce the activity in-house (Vahistha Vashistha, 2006). The acquisition of superior capabilities can also be thought of in cost-saving terms-superior capabilities could only be produced at the same quality within the firm at higher cost. However, it is usual in the business strategy literature to analyze each activity on the value chain in terms of the firm’s ability to lower cost or improve quality, or more broadly, to in some way differentiate their production process (Oshri, Kotlarsky, Willocks, 2009). Holliday, Schmidheiny, Watts (2002) argues that the costs of outsourcing must be compared to the costs of internal production of the activity. Many inputs are inevitable outsourced; therefore, outsourcing is really only a further step on the continuum from purchasing and procurement. There are a number of production cost rationales for outsourcing. The most basic is that internal production of the activity entails production at levels that are too low to be efficient, that is, to achieve minimum efficient scale (Vahistha Vashistha, 2006). The most significant economies of scale may relate to secondary scale-value activities such as administrative and information systems, knowledge and learning, access to capital markets and marketing. Similarly, economies of scope are becoming a rationale for outsourcing. With the advent of flexible manufacturing, the potential for economies of scale has increased dramatically (Contractor, Kumar, Kundu, 2010). Firms that can utilize the same production equipment for a range of products have a significantly cost advantage compared to smaller firms. Disadvantages of global outsourcing However, there exist several disadvantages to adopting outsourcing strategies. Loss of critical skills or overdependence on an outside organization for carrying out important business functions may evolve into significant threats to a company’s well-being (Oshri, Kotlarsky, Willocks, 2009). Furthermore, security and confidentiality of data can be of great concern to many companies (Contractor, Kumar, Kundu, 2010). On these grounds, it is critical that a company manages its sourcing strat egy in a way that is not nurturing a future competitor. With regard to outsourcing arrangements, it is important to note that there some risks that are specifically linked to these (Burkholder, 2009). For instance, outsourcing is usually followed by changes in the organization structure. Redundancies and layoffs are commonplace in outsourcing structure (Oshri, Kotlarsky, Willocks, 2009). CSR and Global outsourcing As mentioned earlier, corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a priority item on the agenda of every business organization. As global outsourcing continues to be a buzz word in the business milieu, the stakeholders of this new wave have begun to embrace corporate social responsibility in their undertakings (Keinert, 2008). In addition to customer requirements, outsourcers are reacting to societal needs, governments regulations and employee expectations. What, then, is the place of corporate social; responsibility in global outsourcing? The next segment of this report han dles this question. Oshri, Kotlarsky, Willock (2009) posit that With many large companies centralizing and downsizing, their managers do not know what their subcontractors are doing. As such, although global outsourcing may be an appropriate decision by a firm, the decision to outsource should factor in more than the company’s needs, but also those of the communities it will operate with (May, Cheney, Roper, 2007). It is possible for an overseas to outsource to a firm in a developing nation. It is commonplace that the rules of business operation are not as demanding as in developed nations. As such, such companies may engage in unethical behaviors that may be a risk to the society the company is operating in. Just as, the company is eager to adhere to the rules of the game in their in-house company, the same principle should be applied even in the out-house operations. Unethical behavior will taint the reputation of the company regardless of the area of operation. As such, it is increasingly becoming imperative for companies engaged in global outsourcing to embrace corporate social responsibility (CSR) (Vilcox Mohan, 2007). Similar to the case of normal in-house operations, outsourcing is beneficial to the stakeholders in different ways. Although the benefits of corporate social responsibility were discussed in the segment of this report about corporate ethics and corporate social responsibility, it would not be redundancy to explore further some benefits that the concept can bring to firms, especially those engaging in global outsourcing (Griseri Seppala, 2010). Companies with good community relations can help raise awareness of unforeseen issues or problems, avoid unnecessary conflicts and hostility, and generate a better working atmosphere for staff from outside the area (Urip, 2010). Benefits of CSR in global outsourcing Companies engaged in global outsourcing can reap three benefits from CSR. These include brand value and reputation, improvemen ts in human capital, and revenue generation, particularly in large and yet undeveloped markets (Barrar Gervais, 2006). Companies that flaunt or ignore human rights run a real, demonstrable risk of seeing their share price drop as a direct result. Whereas community initiatives have a weak, yet positive, impact on shareholder value, bad community management can destroy reputation and seriously endanger financial performance (Holliday, Schmidheiny, Watts, 2002). A commitment to social responsibility can build the competence and vitality of a company and guide it along a course of knowledge and innovation-based success. Positive links between social and financial performance are emerging, particularly in light of the growing relevance of intangible assets, such as reputation, brands and knowledge networks (Holliday, Schmidheiny, Watts, 2002). Recommendations The case of great giants in the business milieu falling due to a mishap in their CSR or global outsourcing is a lesson for cont emporary managers. As such, there are a number of recommendations that modern leaders in the business milieu can take home from the discussions presented in this report on corporate ethics, corporate social responsibility (CSR), and global outsourcing. These are: They should not overlook the payback of corporate ethics. For today’s business leaders and managers, leading and administrating ethically entails managing with honesty. Honesty runs throughout an organization. It models, influences and maintains the values, tone, climate, or culture of the organization; communication among all its members; and commitment, imagination, and realism of everyone in the organization.. Business leaders should be vigilant to embrace CSR as it leads to development and acceleration of microeconomic sustainable growth through use of good governance and best practices. This results to a market atmosphere favorable for both local and foreign investors. To the local community and society, CSR ch anges the habits of society and improves quality of life. Through capacity building, CSR creates employment and wealth. On the side of the corporations, CSR provides growth, profit, image, and competitive edge. Concerning global outsourcing and CSR, companies should first be aware of the costs in the outsourcing process. Global outsourcing should be aimed at reducing costs, and achieving high quality product at the minimal costs. Companies engaging in global outsourcing should embrace even be more vigilant to embrace CSR as they involve out-house operations CSR is important in global outsourcing as it leads to brand value and reputation, improvements in human capital, and revenue generation. Conclusion In conclusion, as the world of business embraces for the dynamic nature of this milieu especially in the 21st century, there is a need for firms to not only consider the legal requirement in their operations, but also put the wider society into perspective. This is true in spite of w hether a company is engaged in outsourcing or not. In fact, companies engaged in global outsourcing should be more enthusiastic in CSR as they are operating in communities away from their normal station. As such, they can easily engage in unethical conducts, and yet go unpunished. Reference List Barrar, P., Gervais, R., 2006. Global outsourcing strategies: an international reference on effective outsourcing. London: Gower Publishing Ltd. Burkholder, N., 2009. Outsourcing: the definitive view, applications and implications. London: Palgrave Macmillan. Contractor, F., Kumar, V., Kundu, S., 2010. Global outsourcing and offshoring: an integrated approach to theory and corporate strategy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Griseri, P., Seppala, N.,2010. Business ethics. New York: Cengage Learning. Holliday, C., Schmidheiny, S., Watts, P., 2002. Walking the talk: the business case for sustainable development. New York: Berrett-Koehler. Keinert, C., 2008. Corporate social responsib ility as an international strategy. Berlin: Springer. May, S., Cheney, G., Roper, J., 2007. The debate over corporate social responsibility. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Oshri, I., Kotlarsky, J., Willocks, L., 2009. The handbook of global outsourcing and offshoring. London: Palgrave Macmilllan. Sims, R., 2003. Ethics and corporate social responsibility: why giants fall. New York: Greenwood Publishing Group. Swartz, M., 2011. Corporate social responsibility: an ethical approach. London: Broadview Press. Trevino, L., Nelson, K., 2010. Managing business ethics. London: John Wiley and Sons. Urip, S., 2010. CSR strategies: Corporate social responsibility for a competitive edge in emerging markets. London: John Wiley and Sons. Vahistha, A., Vashistha, A., 2006. The offshore nations: strategies for success in global outsourcing and offshoring. London: McGraw-Hill Professional. Vilcox, M., Mohan, T., 2007. Contemporary issues in business ethics. New York: Nova Publishers.

Galileo's Siderius Nuncius Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Galileo's Siderius Nuncius - Essay Example k became a sensation that made Galileo famous and well-known in his time, as well as initiating further discoveries of how celestial bodies such as the rocky planets, the Earth’s moon, Jupiter and its satellites, the Sun’s spots as well as discovering larger numbers of stars in constellations such as Orion and the Pleiades that cannot be easily seen by naked eyes through a compound telescope (13). While Galileo’s discoveries stirred controversy with the Catholic Church by disproving the scriptures regarding how planets, the sun, and other celestial bodies orbit the Earth, his method of observing the movement of planets with satellites, mainly Jupiter and its four moons allowed for the support of the Copernican theory of planetary movement, and initialising the disproving of the traditionally-accepted Aristotelian theory of a geocentric view of the cosmos. Galileo reported his initial observations of three bright bodies around the planet Jupiter, which he noticed to change positions in the course of a few months, from January to March of 1610, but remarkably remained in a straight line all throughout the time of observation (64). He begun observing the large planet around early January, wherein he records the appearance of three bright stars orbiting around Jupiter, but do not have similar sizes, and in which Galileo describes as such: â€Å"the more eastern one and the western one appeared a bit larger than the remaining one† (65). After a few days, Galileo observed another star which was hidden behind Jupiter, emerging and trailing in a straight line along the other three stars that were initially discovered a few days prior, in which Galileo describes the alignment to be similar to the alignment of the zodiac constellations (66). After observing Jupiter and its Medicean stars (later found out to be its satellites or moons) f or a period of three months, Galileo was able to compare the stars’ orbit to the Earth’s and Mars’ moons, which change phases at

An Investigation into the Impact of Branding on Growth of Tablet Dissertation

An Investigation into the Impact of Branding on Growth of Tablet Computer for the UK Market - Dissertation Example 10 Figure 4: Belief and perception systems in humans 12 Figure 5: Brand archetype triggers and benefits 13 Figure 6: Three dimensions of benefits in positioning technology brands 19 Figure 7: Operating systems of the current tablets in the market. 21 Figure 8: Three important markets for tablet PCs 22 List of Tables Table 1: Branding in technology markets vs. ... 1.2 Background In the information age, two things have invaded into every individual’s life – one is a mobile phone, and the other a PC. Over the decades, the need for diminishing size and increasing mobility of the personal computer; and increasing size and functionality of the mobile has given rise to the birth of Tablet PC. In other words, a tablet PC can be seen as a blend between a mobile phone and a PC that has evolved from consumers’ preference for larger and larger mobile phones and smaller and sleeker laptops. World’s first commercially available Tablet was launched by Apple computers, the iPad in April 2010. This was quickly followed by a host of companies such as the Dell Streak, Samsung Galaxy tab, Blackberry PlayBook, HP Tablet , Asus Eee Pad, Data Ltd. Tablets, JLT Mobile Computers, and Motion Computing Tablets, just to name a few. Some of these target the consumer market, while other target the professional market. The operating system playe d an important role in the proliferation of the tablet PC industry. Irrespective of where it is targeted, one thing is apparent that the tablet PC market has taken the technology market by surprize in terms of growth, product innovation, and marketing innovation. Could it be due to branding? It makes an interesting topic for research into this aberration. A brand, according to the American Marketing Association, is â€Å"a customer experience represented by a collection of images and ideas†¦ Brand recognition and other reactions are created by the accumulation of experiences with the specific product or service, both directly relating to its use, and through the influence of

Arguments for and against using Utilitarian principles Essay Example for Free

Arguments for and against using Utilitarian principles Essay Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that proclaims that the morally right course of action in any given situation is the one that produces the greatest amount of pleasure over pain for everyone affected (Ferrell, Fraedrich Ferrell 2008). This is evident in business decision making processes done by analysts, legislators and managers, for instance on deciding to invest resources in public project, to minimize cost by using foreign labors and such. Thus, the argument on whether utilitarian principles should be applied in workplace practices is highly debated as it carries both pros and cons. First and foremost, utilitarianism in an organizational context â€Å"provides a clear and straightforward basis (Shaw, Barry Sansbury 2009, p67)† for developing and testing guidelines and protocols. Pain and pleasure is graded in a scale of continuum to measure intensity of the emotion (Burns 2005). As such, organizations can utilize this to derive objective decisions, as the approach uses quantitative result oriented method, and calculates cost and benefit of the consequences of all possible alternatives. For instance, a departmental manager ordered to cut cost in his department may revise all employees’ salary in the interest of obtaining higher utility for all parties rather than lay off some staff. Secondly, utilitarianism enables an unbiased approach of decision making, thus a way to resolve conflicts involving self-interest (Mill, 1863). This approach requires the decision maker to take the standpoint of an impartial third party and give equal weightage to everyone’s interest. As such, the outcome of the decision will not be influenced by self interest and chances of negative implication to all individual are minimized. This is advantages, as incidents such as Bhopal Disaster that killed 20000, as a result of poor maintenance to minimize cost for the shareholders, could be evaded. Moreover, utilitarianism is a comprehensive and flexible method as it looks at the end results of actions and takes into consideration the complexity of the circumstances (Burns 2005, p46). All ramifications, regardless whether they are direct, indirect, long term or short term, are taken into account especially in situations that may have long term environmental and health implication. Thus using utilitarianism, organizations can reach â€Å"realistic and workable moral decisions (Shaw, Barry Sansbury 2009, p67)†. Nonetheless, there are criticisms against the utilitarianism approach as it is difficult to determine and account for all foreseeable benefit and harm of every possible alternative (De George 2013, p48). This is because we cannot know the full implication of all actions in the long term, nor can we accurately estimate the pain and pleasure of future consequences resulting from these actions. For example, a drug that was released into market after thorough research and careful consideration of benefit over harm, could have undiscovered lethal side effect that could manifest many years later. However, due to limited technological advancement when the research was conducted, this potential harm and its intensity may not be identified accurately during initial cost and benefit analysis. Furthermore, utilitarianism is a teleological theory that looks at the end result itself rather than action. As such, it isn’t concerned with how the utility is achieved and even morally reprehensible actions such as theft and murder could be considered ethically right as long it produces more utility (Shaw, Barry Sansbury 2009, p68)†.Moreover, the theory, though theoretically plausible, is not applicable in real life situations in which individuals are required to make decision within minutes and could not possibly consider all alternatives and their implications. In conclusion, utilitarianism though highly applicable to workplace, should be practiced with caution as it also has weaknesses like any other theory. As such, the individuals in decision making position, should be aware of potential biases and shortcomings of practicing utilitarianism and attempt to diminish the negative implications. Reference List Burns,J 2005, â€Å"Happiness and Utility: Jeremy Bentham’s Equation† Utilitarianism Resources. P46,accessed 27/08/2013, http://www.utilitarianism.com. De George, R 2013, Business Ethics, Pearson/Prentice Publication, New Jersey. Ferrell,O , Fraedrich, J Ferrell,L 2008, Business Ethics : Ethical Decision Making and Cases ,South- Western Publication, Mason. Mill, J 1863, Utiilitarianism , Utilitarianism Resources. Accessed 27/08/2013, http://www.utilitarianism.com/mill2.html. Shaw,w, Barry,V Sansbury,G 2009 Moral Issues in Business, Cengage Learning Australia, South Melbourne.

The Impact of War In Britain :: essays research papers

The Impact of War at Home When war was declared, there were no celebrations. Instead the government took immediate action, and emergency powers, everyone was issued with gas masks in 1938. The bombing power of the Germans was something that was feared greatly by those that remembered the first war, and by the government, who knew that German bombers were now very advanced. Between the 1st and 3rd of September over one million people were evacuated, as the government were particularly worried about immediate bombing of built up and industrial areas. The majority of evacuees were children from poorer homes in larger cities. Their lives changed dramatically, they had to move to a whole new world in the country. However, as from September 1939 – May 1940 was the Phoney War, meaning no bombs were dropped, almost half the evacuees had been returned by the beginning of The Blitz, many of which had to be evacuated again. Mothers could accompany children under 5, but any child older then that was housed by foster parents, who received an allowance from the government. Children who were evacuated had good and bad experiences, depending on what their foster homes were like. Preparations had been made for the expected bombing, bombers were more accurate now then in the first war and the government prepared people by building bomb shelters and setting up volunteer organisations to deal with the air raid threat. There were 1.5 million Anderson shelters given away by September 1939, which were put in gardens and covered up. There were also over one million Morrison Shelters issued in 1941, a Morrison Shelter was a steel mesh box to contain a mattress, and could be kept in the living room. Air raid wardens and Auxiliary fire services were trained in Air Raid Precautions, the blackout was imposed, as were Anti Aircraft guns and Barrage Balloons to force bombers higher, sirens were put up to warn of attack and the WVS was set up to help women with injuries and comfort. Britain managed to survive The Blitz. Government films and statements only showed the bravery and fighting spirit of the civilians and reports were censored if they gave numbers or photographs of the dead. The major target areas for the Germans during The Blitz were London, Birmingham, Bristol, Merseyside, Southampton, Sheffield, Cardiff, Hull, Plymouth, Belfast, Clydeside and Coventry. In the summer of 1941 German bombers were needed for the invasion of the USSR and The Blitz came to an end, though air raids continued and by Summer 1941 more civilians had been killed in the War then British soldiers.

Original Writing – Birkan Akin

It was a dark night on a small island off the coast of Maine; I heard a shot, and a gunshot that echoed in my ears it felt like I was wounded. On the night of the gunshot a fisherman disappeared. The body was absent from the day of the gunshot, a young man known as Ryan Adams was accused of the murder. Years later the fisherman was found, found for just a few seconds he was found by a young girl who was playing in the sea when she suddenly felt a hand. I was at the scene firstly it seemed like the girls was drowning, I went for her rescue thinking that she is drowning, but then a yellow raincoat flicked into my eyes. I screamed out â€Å"its him, its him it's the fisherman that went missing at the gunshot scene†. I was in shock I couldn't believe it, then I suddenly saw the fisherman moving he was getting, getting out of the sea. I screamed â€Å"he's alive he's alive† I saw for one moment and the he vanished, disappeared he was gone. I couldn't even say stop, wait, don't go†¦he was gone. The following day everybody in the island was talking about the return of the fisherman, but just for a few seconds. On the same day the young man Ryan Adams that was accused of murdering the fisherman was set free. A further investigation was in process the investigation was named as ‘who fired the gunshot?' Since the day the fisherman reappeared he was never seen again. One night I went out to the seaside to catch some fish for dinner, the sky was pitch black I couldn't see anything. When I was fishing I heard something, something that was thrown into the sea from a distance. I turned around and looked at the shaw it looked like I saw the fisherman it looked he had that same yellow raincoat I was sure it was him because it looked like he was getting closer to me. I packed up my equipment and headed towards my home. I had another look back and I saw the fisherman in distance, he was running, running towards me. When I looked carefully at him it looked like he was carrying something in his hand, it was hard to describe from such distance but as he got closer I started picturing it, it looked like a gun. I was shattered, scared in amazement. He was getting closer and closer and closer and closer, then I heard a gun shot it was echoing in my ears it sounded like the bullet was getting closer†¦then suddenly I flew out my bed and started screaming â€Å"agghhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh†¦its was a dream, a dream, a dream that know one would ever believe.

Death Penalty Essay - 957 Words

Death Penalty When turning on the television, radio, or simply opening the local newspaper, people are bombarded with news of arrests, murders, homicides, and other such tragedies. I believe murder, including the death penalty, is the worst thing that anyone could do. Since Hammurabi first introduced the notion of â€Å"An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth†, people have been arguing over whether this is just punishment. Those in favor of the death penalty argue that people should pay for the crimes they do. For them, death is the only fit punishment in some cases. This is not the case. The death penalty is, rather, unethical and wrong. A death for another death does nothing but satisfy ones need for revenge. How often do these†¦show more content†¦Therefore, God will punish anyone who aids in executing people. I believe that religious beliefs, such as the Ten Commandments, are the corner stone for our law system. Executing someone should not be made an exception to Godâ€⠄¢s rule. Most people feel that men who rape little children deserve to die a painful death. They feel that the child and family would be much happier if he dies and know that he can’t hurt anyone anymore. The death penalty still would be wrong. I am pretty sure that people would feel differently if it were their family. They would just want them to get a harsher punishment. My next reason against the death penalty is that taxpayers waste too much of their money with the death penalty. The average death penalty case is appealed many times. This means that the taxpayers must pay for the same trial to be heard three times. This is a very expensive practice. Also, the convicted murderer spends a long time on death row. If supporters of the death penalty are positive enough to kill the person for committing the crime, shouldn’t the supporters be confident enough to execute them in a timely manner? Why spend the taxpayer’s money keeping these inmates in jail for so long? Taxpayer’s money should go to better society, not to accommodate the prisoners that are going to end up dead. People also think that if someone is killed, they should be killed also. That goes back to my introductionShow MoreRelatedPro Death Penalty Speech1482 Words   |  6 Pagesintroduce myself before we get started. My name is Slick Perry and if you didn’t already know, I am the state governor of Texas. You are all aware that we are reviewing our recidivism rate to various crimes and reviewing our stance regarding the death penalty as we approach 2009. Everyone here understands that capital punishment is a very controversial topic in the United States. In Texas, from December 1982 through August 2008, only 361 criminals of the millions of Texans in our good state were executedRead MoreThe Truth About The Death Penalty973 Words   |  4 Pages In her article â€Å"The Truth About The Death Penalty†, Carina Kolodny argues that the death penalty should be abolished in all fifty states due to the fact that it is ineffective and very expensive. Kolodny believes that capital punishment has too many complications and variables that cause it be more of an issue than a real solution for capital offenses. She proposes that the death penalty should be dropped and exchanged for better programs such as Proposition 34, which replaces capital punishmentRead MoreThe Bible and Death Penal ty Essay example812 Words   |  4 Pagesa person’s view of the Bible influence what they think about the death penalty for murderers.† I would like to see if a person’s view of the bible influence what they think of the death penalty. 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When we were discussing the death penalty although my opinion didn’t change, after hearing what some of my classmates had to say about the subject during our lab I was able to respectfully see why they had those thoughts and feelings about the subject. I believe that we should have the death penalty, and that it helps prevents more crime from happening. However, during our lab students that thought we should ban the death penalty had some pretty interesting reasons behind theirRead MoreThe Death Penalty Should Be Legal1805 Words   |  8 Pagesthat we all know is the death penalty. This penalty has been going around for years. To many people it might be the best way of punishing a person. On the other hand there are people who think that if you kill a person you should be sentenced to die as well. For me I would say it might not be the best way and it not working as many would like it. 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