Reviewing the literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Reviewing the literary productions - Essay Example5). The elderly, the malnourished, and those with acute illness are the most vulnerable (Moore and Cowman, 2010, p. 5). Pressure ulcers are a serious problem for older people because of pain, osteomyelitis, sepsis, and mortality that can be associated with the condition (Graumlich et al., 2003, p. 147). Up to 18% of the hospitalized can have pressure sores or ulcers (Moore and Cowman, 2010, p. 5). In nursing homes, a prevalence of 24% was account (Graumlich et al., 2003, p. 147). Among surgical patients, the incidence of pressure ulcers can be as high as 12 to 45% (Armstrong et al., 2003, p. 647). Pressure sores or ulcers arise when pressure from lying or sitting on a concomitant body area result to tissue damage and oxygen deprivation to the affected area (Moore and Cowman, 2010, p. 5). Because of constant pressure, tissues are depleted of blood flow, waste products are not removed from the wound and the wound fails to beat out oxygen and nutrient supply that are all necessary for healing (Moore and Cowman, 2010, p. 5). According to Graumlich et al. (2003, p. ... In the unify States, Graumlich et al. (2001, p. 645) estimated that the cost of handling for pressure ulcers exceeded US$1 billion annually. Heyneman et al. (2008, p. 1165) reported based on the lead of Severens and others in 2002 that the cost of pressure ulcers is about 1% of the health superintend budget. Of course, prevention is the cornerstone of care for pressure ulcer (Heyneman et al., 2008, p. 1165). However, when pressure ulcers already took place, there are several modes of treatments available. One of them is repositioning (Moore and Cowman, 2010). other mode of treatment involves the use of collagen (Graumlich et al., 2003). Still another treatment involves the use of phenytoin (Hollisaz et al., 2004). Finally, another modality is through hydrocolloids (Hollisaz et al., 2004 Belmin et al., 2002 Heyneman et al., 2008 Graumlich et a l., 2003 and Thomas, 2008). The modes of treatments enumerated do not exhaust the modes of treatments feasible or possible on pressure ulcers and we focus on the use of hydrocolloids. Heyneman et al. (2008, p. 1165) reported that a wide range of treatment is available and the treatment methods can be subdivided into secondary prevention, topical products, surgical treatment and physiotherapy. The word hydrocolloids was coined in the 1960s in the development of mucoadhesives in the combination between carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) with adhesives and tackifiers for treating mouth ulcers (Thomas, 2008, p. 602). Thomas (2008, p. 602) reported the term hydrocolloids was subsequently take to describe a new type of dressing based on the engineering science (Thomas, 2008, p. 602). The dressing technology identified as hydrocolloid, a hydrophilic gelable mass was applied in a